Research published in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology highlights significant differences in chemical and microbial composition between private well water and municipal drinking water in northeast Iowa. The research underscores the need for enhanced monitoring and regulation of private wells, which are not covered under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).

Researchers analyzed 40 drinking water samples—20 from private wells and 20 from municipal systems—evaluating 33 chemical parameters and two drinking water-associated pathogens (DWPIs). They also assessed microbial community structure using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Key findings include:

• Private well water (WDW) contained higher concentrations of most chemical contaminants compared to municipal drinking water (MDW).
• One well sample exceeded the EPA’s nitrate limit, a regulated contaminant under the SDWA.
• Microbial diversity in well water was twice as high as in municipal water, with distinct community compositions linked to the aquifer source.
• DWPIs were more abundant in well water, raising concerns for immunocompromised individuals.

These findings suggest that individuals relying on private wells may face increased exposure to chemical and microbial contaminants, many of which are not currently regulated. The study calls for improved oversight and public health strategies to ensure safe drinking water for all populations.

The full article is available open access at Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology.